I. DEFINITIONS
1.
“Advertising”
means any written, electronic or printed communication or any
communication by means of recorded telephone messages or
transmitted on radio, television, the Internet or similar
communications media, including film strips, motion pictures and
videos, published, disseminated, circulated or placed before the
public, directly or indirectly, for the purpose of creating an
interest in or inducing a person to purchase or sell a life
insurance policy or an interest in a life insurance policy
pursuant to a viatical or life settlement contract or a viatical
or life settlement purchase agreement.
2.
“Affiliate”
means an entity where common ownership and/or control is shared.
This would not include contractual relationships or administrative
organizations or associations.
3.
"Business Entity"
means any corporation, association, partnership, limited liability
company, limited liability partnership or other legal entity.
4.
“Business of
Viatical or Life Settlements”
means an activity involved in, but not limited to, the offering,
solicitation, negotiation, procurement, effectuation, purchasing,
investing, financing, monitoring, tracking, underwriting, selling,
transferring, assigning, pledging, viatical or life
settlement contracts or purchase agreements.
5.
“Chronically Ill”
means
(1) Being unable to
perform at least two (2) activities of daily living (i.e., eating,
toileting, transferring, bathing, dressing or continence);
(2) Requiring
substantial supervision to protect the individual from threats to
health and safety due to severe cognitive impairment; or
(3) Having a
level of disability similar to that described in Paragraph (1) as
determined by the Secretary of Health and Human Services;
6.
“Complaint”
means a written communication that expresses a grievance or
dispute.
7.
“Consumer” /
“Client”
means the owner or purchaser
of products necessary to effectuate a viatical or life settlement
contract. This shall not be a licensee.
8.
“Continuing
Education”
means any educational presentation which is offered in a class,
seminar, or computer-based training, interactive Internet training
or other similar form of instruction, and which, if required, has
been approved by an Insurance Commissioner to develop new and
relevant skills and knowledge for licensure.
9.
“Fair and
Equitable Competition”
means competition using the elements of price, quality and service
that is subject to federal and state antitrust laws and state and
federal insurance and securities laws and is conducted to
generally accepted fair and equitable business practices.
10.“FDIC”
means
Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation
11.“FEGLI”
means the Federal Employee Group Life Insurance
12.“Funding/Financing Entity”
means an underwriter,
placement agent, lender, purchaser of securities or a purchaser of
a policy or certificate from a settlement Provider, credit
enhancer, or any entity that has direct ownership in a policy or
certificate that is subject to a settlement contract, but whose
principal activity related to the transaction is providing funds
or credit enhancement to effect the settlement or purchase of one
or more policies to finance the acquisition of settlements
contracts. This term does not include a non-accredited investor,
a settlement purchaser, or other natural person.
13.“Good Faith”
means good faith efforts
on the part of a Member, with the intention to obtain a desired
outcome.
14.“Home
State” means
the District of Columbia and any state or territory of the United
States in which a licensee or member maintains such license or
Member’s principal place of business or if not applicable the
Member’s residence.
15.“Independent
third-party or escrow agent”
means an attorney, certified public accountant, financial
institution, or other person providing escrow services under the
authority of a regulatory body. The term does not include any
person associated, affiliated, under common control with a
Provider or Broker. The independent Trustee/Escrow Agent must be
a U.S. attorney, a U.S. public accounting firm, or a U.S.
bank/trust company and must have a registered office within the
continental United States.
16.
“Insured”
means the individual whose life is covered in a life insurance
policy whether the individual owns or does not own the policy.
17.“License”
means a document
issued by a licensing authority, usually an Insurance
Commissioner, authorizing a person and/or a company to act for the
line or lines of authority specified in the document.
18.
“Owner”
means the Owner of a
life insurance policy or a group life insurance certificate holder
under a group policy.
19.“Person”
means a natural person or a legal entity, including, but not
limited to, an individual, partnership, limited liability company,
association, trust, or corporation.
20.“Policies
and Procedures” means
those internal written plans or methods required to influence and
determine a Member’s decisions and actions.
21.“Policy”
means an individual life insurance policy or group life insurance
policy, group life insurance certificate, contract or arrangement
of life insurance affecting the rights of the owner of such policy
in a particular state or bearing a reasonable relation to a
particular state, regardless of whether delivered or issued for
delivery in that particular state.
22.“Regulator”
means a person or
regulatory body that possesses authority pursuant to law to govern
the business of viatical or life settlements in the United States
at the state or federal level.
23.“Related
Provider Trust”
means a titling trust or other trust established by a licensed
viatical settlement Provider or Funding/Financing Entity for the
sole purpose of holding the ownership or beneficial interest in
purchased policies in connection with a financing transaction.
The trust shall have a written agreement with the licensed
viatical settlement Provider under which the licensed viatical
settlement Provider is responsible for ensuring compliance with
all statutory and regulatory requirements and under which the
trust agrees to make all records and files related to viatical and
life settlement transactions available to the applicable
Commissioner(s) as if those records and files were maintained
directly by the licensed viatical settlement Provider.
24. “Sales
Agent”
means a Person other than a licensed Provider who arranges the
purchase through a Purchase Agreement of a policy or an interest
in a life insurance policy or certificate issued to a group life
insurance policy.
25. “Service
Group”
means a Provider, Broker, and/or Funding/Financing Entity.
26. “Service
Provider”
is an individual or entity that performs services for an insured,
policy owner, Broker, Provider or Funding/Financing Entity to
assist in the effectuation of a viatical or life settlement and
the subsequent service thereof. A Service Provider can include,
but is not limited to: life expectancy providers; escrow agents;
trustees, financial advisors; certified public accountants and
attorneys. A Service Provider can provide services before, during
and after the effectuation of a viatical or life settlement.
27.“Special
Purpose Entity”
means a corporation,
partnership, trust, Limited Liability Company or other similar
entity formed solely to provide either directly or indirectly
access to institutional capital markets for a
Funding/Financing Entity or licensed viatical settlement Provider.
28. “Terminally
Ill” means having an
illness or sickness that can reasonably be expected to result in
death in twenty-four (24) months or less.
29.“Unfair
Competition” means the
direct or indirect unethical, false or fraudulent activity by a
Member in order to gain a competitive advantage in the viatical
and life settlement business over other Members or to take unfair
or improper advantage of a Client (Owner and/or Insured). Some of
these activities are described in various state or federal laws
under titles that include, but are not limited to “Prohibited
Practices,” causes for revocation and denial of license, “Unfair
Trade Practices,” or “Fraudulent Viatical Settlement Acts.”
30.“Verification of Coverage”
means a document used to verify the
amount, nature, premiums, and other details of coverage of an
insurance policy.
31.“Viatical or
Life Settlement Broker”
means a person that on behalf of an Owner and for a fee,
commission or other valuable consideration offers or attempts to
negotiate settlement contracts between an Owner and one or more
Providers. Notwithstanding the manner in which the Broker is
compensated, a Broker is deemed to represent only the Owner and
owes a fiduciary duty to the Owner to act according to the Owner’s
instructions and in the best interest of the Owner. The term does
not include an attorney, certified public accountant or financial
planner accredited by a nationally recognized accreditation
agency, who is retained to represent the Owner and whose
compensation is not paid directly or indirectly by the Provider or
purchaser.
32.“Viatical or
Life Settlement Contract”
means a written agreement establishing the terms under which
compensation or anything of value will be paid, which compensation
or value is less than the expected death benefit of the insurance
policy or certificate, in return for the Owner’s assignment,
transfer, sale, devise or bequest of the death benefit or
ownership of any portion of the insurance policy or certificate of
insurance. A viatical or life settlement contract also includes a
contract for a loan or other financing transaction with an Owner’s
secured primarily by an individual or group life insurance
certificate, other than a loan by a life insurance company
pursuant to the terms of the life insurance contract, or a loan
secured by the cash value of a policy. A viatical or life
settlement contract includes an agreement with an Owner to
transfer ownership or change the beneficiary designation at a
later date regardless of the date that compensation is paid to the
Owner.
35.“Viatical
or Life Settlement Purchaser”
means a person who gives a sum of money as consideration for a
life insurance policy or an interest in the death benefits of a
life insurance policy, or a person who owns or acquires or is
entitled to a beneficial interest in a trust that owns a viatical
or life settlement contract or is the beneficiary of a life
insurance policy that has been or will be the subject of a
viatical or life settlement contract, for the purpose of deriving
an economic benefit. Viatical or life settlement purchaser does
not include:
(1) An accredited
investor or qualified institutional buyer as defined respectively
in Regulation D, Rule 501 or Rule 144A of the Federal Securities
Act of 1933, as amended; or
(2) A financing
entity, a special purpose entity, or a related provider trust.
36.“Viaticated Policy”
means a life insurance policy or group life insurance certificate
that has been acquired by a viatical or life settlement Provider
pursuant to a viatical or life settlement contract.
37.“Viator”
means the Owner of a life insurance policy or a group life
insurance certificate holder under a group policy who enters or
seeks to enter into a viatical or life settlement contract. A
Viator shall not be limited to an Owner of a life insurance policy
or a group life insurance certificate holder under a group policy
insuring the life of an individual with a terminal or chronic
illness or condition except where specifically addressed. Owner
does not include:
(1) An
accredited investor or qualified institutional buyer as defined
respectively in Regulation D, Rule 501 or Rule 144A of the Federal
Securities Act of 1933, as amended; or
(2) A
Funding/Financing Entity, a special purpose entity, or a related
provider trust.
38.“LISA”
means the Viatical & Life Settlement Association of America.
II.
Broker/Producer/Life Agent Member
BUSINESS OPERATING
STANDARDS
A. Business Practices With Owners
(1) A Viatical or Life
Settlement Broker is defined as a person that on behalf of an
Owner and for a fee, commission or other valuable consideration
offers or makes aware the availability of or attempts to negotiate
settlement contracts between an Owner and one or more Providers.
Notwithstanding the manner in which the Broker is compensated, a
Broker is deemed to represent the Owner and owes a fiduciary duty
to the Owner to act according to the Owner’s instructions and in
the best interest of the Owner. The term does not include an
attorney, certified public accountant or financial planner
accredited by a nationally recognized accreditation agency, who is
retained to represent the Owner and whose compensation is not paid
directly or indirectly by the Provider or purchaser.
(2) A
Producer/Life Agent Member is a person licensed to sell, solicit,
or negotiate insurance. If the Producer/Life Agent acts as a
Broker Member or meets the definition of a Viatical or Life
Settlement Broker, the Producer/Life Agent must follow the Broker
Business Operating Standards.
(3) If required, a
Broker Member must be licensed in the state where the Owner is
domiciled.
(4) A Broker Member
assists an Owner to sell his or her policy at the best possible
terms or price.
(5) A Broker Member must
comply with all applicable state and federal laws.
(6) A Broker Member
shall not pay finders’ fees to those persons or entities that may
be prohibited by applicable law from receiving such fees.
(7) A Broker Member
shall provide sufficient procedures and controls so that all
medical information is confidential according to the applicable
statutes.
(8) A Broker Member
shall follow an Anti-Fraud Plan and file the plan
with the LISA.
(9) A Broker Member must
be able to provide validation that if the Owner is the insured,
the Broker Member has a written statement from the insured’s
physician stating that the Owner is of sound mind and under no
undue influence.
(10)
A Broker Member shall not,
except as provided for in state laws, broker the settlement of any
policy that is in its Contestable and/or Suicide Period.
B. Disclosure Information
(1) A Broker Member
shall disclose appropriate information in line with applicable
state law and where no Disclosures are required, the Broker Member
shall disclose the LISA Broker Member disclosures.
(2) The disclosures
shall be provided in a separate document that is signed and
acknowledged by the Owner and/or applicant and/or Broker Member
where applicable.
C. Record
Keeping for Complete Transactions
(1) A Broker Member will
maintain a file on every policy that it brokers. The Broker Member
must keep the file for a minimum of three years or longer where
required by law, starting on the date the Owner signs the
Settlement Contract.
(2) At a minimum
the file must contain:
a.
A complete copy
of the life insurance policy or certificate and application that
was brokered.
b.
A copy of the
completed Settlement Contract.
c.
A copy of the
disclosures that are required by applicable state or
administrative law. If state law does not require disclosures, a
copy of the LISA Broker Member disclosures, signed by the Owner,
see addendum 1.
D. Addenda
(5) A Broker Member
shall comply fully with the LISA’s Code of Ethics and the
LISA’s Broker Member Business Operating Standards. The
Broker Member Business Operating Standards includes the following
addenda:
Broker
Disclosures,
addendum 1;
Member Business
Operating Standards,
addendum 4.
III. Provider Members (“Providers”)
BUSINESS OPERATING STANDARDS
A. General Business Practices
(1)
A viatical settlement provider (a “Provider”) often is defined as
a person, other than the owner (the “Owner” or “Seller”) of a
life insurance policy (a “Policy”) who enters into or effectuates
a viatical or life settlement contract (a “Settlement Contract”).
A Provider does not include the following:
a. A bank, savings bank, savings and loan association,
credit union or other licensed lending institution that takes an
assignment of a Policy as collateral for a loan, except in the
case a viatical or life settlement loan;
b. The issuer (the
“Insurer”) of a Policy which provides accelerated benefits
pursuant to the terms of the Policy;
c. An authorized
or eligible insurer that provides stop loss coverage to a
Provider, to a purchaser (“Purchaser”) of viatical and/or life
settlement contract benefits, to a financing entity (“FE”), to a
special purpose entity (“SPE”) or to a related provider trust
(“RPT”);
d. A natural
person who enters into or effectuates no more than one Settlement
Contract in a given state per calendar year for the transfer of a
Policy for any value less than the expected death benefit of the
Policy;
e. An accredited
investor (“AI”) or qualified institutional buyer (“QIB”), as
defined respectively in Regulation D, Rule 501 or Rule 144A of The
Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and who purchases from a
Provider a Policy viaticated by a Provider
(2) Providers shall not
also act as a viatical and/or life settlement broker (“Broker”).
(3) Providers must
comply with applicable state and federal statutes and regulations
(together, “Applicable Law”).
(4) The primary
responsibility of each Provider is to effectuate the Settlement
Contracts into which it enters pursuant to the terms and
conditions of those Settlement Contracts and pursuant to
Applicable Law.
(5)
When effectuating a Settlement Contract into which the Provider
enters, the Provider may utilize its own funds (“Provider Funds”)
or may utilize funds (“Purchaser Funds”) provided to it by
individual Purchasers (“Individual Purchasers”) or funds
(“Institutional Funds”) made available to the Provider by
institutional Purchasers (“Institutional Purchasers”).
(6) Each Provider must
be registered with the Secretary of State of his or her state of
domicile and in any state in which the Provider is licensed as a
Provider.
(7) Providers shall
ensure that Settlement Contract proceeds are remitted to the
Seller within any applicable period required by Applicable Law.
(8) As required by
Applicable Law and/or by the terms of the Settlement Contract to
which it is a party, a Provider shall use the services of an
independent trustee (“Trustee”) or independent escrow agent
(“Escrow Agent”) whose duties shall be set forth in writing and
provided to the Provider and to the Owner.
(9) A Provider shall
adopt and adhere to one or more Anti-Fraud Plans (each, an
“Anti-Fraud Plan”), a copy of which shall be filed with the
LISA. Each Provider must implement one or more Anti-Fraud Plans
which, together, apply to all Policies which the Provider
determines satisfies its viatical and/or life settlement
criteria.
(10) A Provider shall
adopt and adhere to an Anti-Money Laundering Plan (an “AML Plan”)
and file a copy of the AML Plan with the LISA. The AML Plan must
be compliant with the USA Patriot ACT and be applied to all
Purchasers with whom the Provider transacts.
(11) A Provider shall
obtain and maintain on file one or more documents signed by the
person (the “Insured”) whose life is insured under the Policy,
which instruct the Provider how the Provider may use the Insured’s
medical records, and the Provider shall obtain and maintain on
file one or more documents which comply with HIPAA and which are
signed by the Insured or an authorized designee of the Insured
which consent to the release of the Insured’s medical records.
(12) A Provider shall
ensure that it provides safeguards for maintaining privacy and
confidentiality of medical, financial, and personal information of
the Seller and of the Insured, as required pursuant to Applicable
Law.
(13) A Provider shall
ensure that any forms or documents which must be provided to the
Insurer are provided to the Insurer.
(14)
A Provider shall ensure that all post-settlement and
post-investment responsibilities of the Provider and of its
agents, representatives, and designees, including but not limited
to tracking and monitoring services, are performed in a
professional manner.
(15)
If the Provider uses funds provided to it by Individual Purchasers
or by Institutional Purchasers, then the Provider must ensure that
all of the following occur:
a. Payment of all premiums is managed, controlled, and
directed under the terms of a signed, written agreement with a
Trustee or Escrow Agent.
b. All death benefit
payments are received, managed, and paid to the Purchaser thereof
or to the Purchaser’s designee, pursuant to the terms of the
signed, written agreement between the Trustee or Escrow Agent and
the Provider and as explained to the Purchaser in a signed,
written agreement (“Purchase Agreement”) explaining the terms and
conditions of the purchase transaction (“Purchase Transaction”)
made by the Purchasers.
(16)
A Provider shall ensure that the Insured has received notice
regarding future contact for determining the health status of the
Insured, that such contacts will comply with Applicable Law and
with the terms and conditions of the underlying Settlement
Contract, and that the such contact will not be initiated or
conducted by any person that is not authorized to perform such
services.
(17) A Provider shall
ensure that both the Seller and the Purchaser have received the
name, business address, and telephone number of the Escrow Agent,
have been provided an opportunity to inspect and receive copies of
the escrow or trust agreements with the Escrow Agent and/or
Trustee, respectively, and an explanation of the relationship, if
any, between the Provider and the Escrow Agent and Trustee
providing escrow or trust services in the course of the respective
transactions with the Seller and with the Purchaser.
(18)
A Provider shall not illegally discriminate among and against
prospective and actual Sellers.
(19) A Provider shall
adopt and adhere to procedures which prohibit the payment of
sales-related compensation to persons prohibited by Applicable Law
from receiving any fee in connection with a Settlement Contract or
Purchase Agreement.
(20) If the Seller is
also the Insured, then the Provider shall obtain and maintain on
file a signed, written statement from the physician attending to
the Seller/Insured which states that the Seller/Insured is of
sound mind and under no undue influence.
(21) A Provider shall
ensure that all medical, financial, and personal information of
the Seller and of the Insured is maintained as private and
confidential, as required pursuant to Applicable Law.
(22) A Provider shall
obtain and maintain on file a document signed by the Seller and by
a disinterested third-party witness in which (a) the Seller
consents to the Settlement Contract, (b) the Seller acknowledges
having a complete and full understanding of the Settlement
Contract and of the benefits of the Policy, (c) the Seller
acknowledges entering into the Settlement Contract freely,
voluntarily, and no under influence, and (d) the Seller legally
obtained the Policy.